Flanges

The main use of flange is to connect pumps, pipes, valves, and other equipment to make a pipework system. Usually, flanges are threaded or welded, and you can connect two flanges by bolting them with gaskets and providing a seal that gives easy access to the piping system. Flange is like as a communication bridge to connects the pipe or pipe fitting achievements a completely system necessary . The Flange is a necessary role of connection piping .

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Flanges

Flanges are chosen based on their corrosion resistance properties, erosion resistance properties, pressure temperature rating (Class), number of welds required for attachment, physical size (some flange designs may not fit into the space allowed) and cost. The most common flange types are:

Welding Neck Flange Weld neck flange is also known as a high-neck flange or tapered hub flange. The weld neck flange has a neck that can properly transfer the pipe tension. It also helps to reduce the pressure gathered at the bottom of the flange. It is compatible with pipelines that operate at low or high temperatures and withstand high pressure.
Slip-on Flange The slip-on flange is a ring (with or without a hub) placed over the pipe's end. The flange face extends from the end of the pipe by a sufficient distance to apply a welded bead to the inner diameter. As the name suggests, these flanges slip over a pipe and are known as slip-on flanges.
Socket Weld Flange The socket weld flanges are connected on the outside just by a fillet weld. It is often not advisable for critical services. These are useful for the small-bore lines in your system. The static strength is equivalent to slip-on flanges, but the fatigue strength is 50 percent higher than double-welded slip-on flanges. Often used as an alternative to weld necks when space is a constraint.
Lap Joint Flange Lap joint flanges are useful with stub ends when the pipe is made of expensive material. E.g., a carbon steel flange can be added to the stainless steel pipe system as the flanges do not come into contact with the substance in the pipe.
Threaded Flange Threaded flanges look identical to slip-on flanges, but the key difference is that the threaded flange is bored out to match the inside diameter of the particular pipe. The threaded flange is a type of flange that has taper pipe threads in its bore conforming to ASME B1.20.1 and is helpful in piping systems.
Blind Flange The production of blind flanges happens without a bore and is utilized to blank off the ends of pressure vessel openings, valves, and pipes. If you look from the point of view of bolt loading and internal pressure, the most overstressed flange types are blind flanges which are quite bigger.

Flange Type	NPS (inch)	ASME Class	Faces	Joint Integrity	Weld	ASME Standards
Welding Neck Flange	All	All	All	High	One butt weld.	B16.5, B31.3
Slip-on Flange	Many	Generally, ≤ 600	FF, RF	Medium	One or two fillet welds.	B16.5, B31.3
Socket Weld Flange	Generally, ≤ ½ to 2. Max ≤ 4	≤ 600	FF, RF	Medium	One fillet weld.	B16.5, B31.3
Lap Joint Ring Flange	Not used for small sizes.	NA	FF	NA	None	B16.5, B31.3
Stub End of Lap Joint Flange	Not used for small sizes.	150 to 2500	FF, RF, RTJ	High	One butt weld.	B16.9, B31.3
Threaded Flange	Generally, ≤ ½ to 2. Max ≤ 4	≤ 300	FF, RF	Low	None	B1.20.1, B31.3
Blind Flange	All	All	All	NA	None	B16.5, B31.3

Flange Type Summary Table

Materials useful to manufacture flanges

Pipe flanges can be manufactured from many different materials that depend on the piping material and requirements of the application. Selection depends on the factors such as economy, flow pressure, operating temperature, and environmental corrosion. Some of the most common materials include the following:

Carbon steel·Alloy steel·Stainless steel·Cast irons·Aluminum·Brass·PVC

Performance Features

Durability·Easy of assembly·Weight

You can make out from the above different types of flanges, manufacturing, and performance features. You can choose the right steel flange manufactured from different materials like stainless steel, low alloy steel, carbon steel, duplex steel, or many more. Choosing the right flange with the right material and knowing the elements that it faces during the application that uses the piping method is critical.

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